This fall I will be teaching ANES 310, History and Culture of Ancient Israel, for the first time. While I am in good control of the Second Temple and Early Christian Periods and have plenty of material for them, I am working gathering more material for the earlier periods. Much of this is being done in the museums here in Jerusalem, but today Rachel and I took a trip to the
Shephelah and
Negev to visit a few key sites.
Although it is a bit dated now, I took my trusty copy of Jerome Murphy-O'Connor's
The Holy Land: An Archaeological Guide.
Lachish
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| Tel Lakhish |
Lakhish (Hebrew,
לכיש; KJV, "Lachish") was an important site in the southern Kingdom of Judah. Throughout most of the kingdom's history, it was the second most important fortress and city after Jerusalem itself. It was one of a string of fortified points in the Shephelah, or low-rolling hills, that controlled the valleys leading up into the Judean highlands.
It was taken first by the Assyrians and then the Babylonians after lengthy and difficult sieges. The Assyrian siege of 701 B.C. is well-depicted by
the Lachish Reliefs, which I am taking my study abroad students to see in the British Museum next month. The Babylonian siege is documented by
the Lachish Letters, that the local commanders tried to write to Jerusalem.
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| Details of the Assyrian siege from the Lachish Reliefs |
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| The rich fields below the tel witness why this area was important anciently |
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| Rachel in the gate near where the Lachish Letters were found |
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| Rachel by the well |
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| The ancient sacred area |
Be`er Sheba
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| A replica of the horned altar (original in the Israel Museum). It was destroyed in the reforms of Hezekiah. |
Be'er Sheva, or the "Well of Seven" was where Abraham dug a well, Isaac saw the Lord, and
Jacob lived. Most of these ruins are from the 8C B.C., right before the
Assyrians destroyed the town.
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| Rachel by the well of Be`er Sheva, which some think was the one dug by Abraham and Isaac. |
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| Chamber gate |
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| Palace or governor's residence |
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| Water system |
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| It was a hot day! |
Lunch break!
Don't judge us. Sometimes after a couple weeks in the middle east, one just needs to go to McDonald's. We ate there; we didn't take advantage of the "McDrive."
Arad
Arad (Hebrew,
תל ערד) was very large Canaanite settlement in the Bronze Age. Then it lay empty
for 1500 years. During the Iron Age, it was the site of a Judahite
fortress that served as an administrative and religious center.
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| The Canaanite city was very extensive |
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| Rachel by the Arad cistern, which lay at the center of a large, natural catchment basin---all the water during the rainy season in the city drained into it |
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| It was deep! |
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| I'm standing in front of the double Bronze Age sanctuary |
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| The Canaanite walls are strengthened by semi-circular towers |
The Judahite fortress on the highest part of the site boasted an Israelite temple. This sanctuary boasted an outer court with a
stone and earth altar, a wide holy place with benches for offerings,
and a Holy of Holies with incense stands and a standing stone. It
functioned until the reforms of Hezekiah, when the stone and incense
altars were buried on their sides, and the entire altar of burnt
offerings and the sanctuary were covered with earth.
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| Rachel in the wide holy place |
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| Here she is standing by the entrance to the Holy of Holies, which is flanked by incense stands |
Ending the Day on Ben Yehuda Street in West Jerusalem
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